Post by AdminAnnie on Aug 6, 2016 9:45:23 GMT
Menstrual cycle, beta-endorphins, and pain sensitivity in premenstrual dysphoric disorder - Health Psychology, Official Journal of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, Jul 2002
"In both cycle phases, PMDD women (a) displayed lower resting cortisol and beta-endorphin levels and (b) exhibited shorter pain threshold and tolerance times and greater pain unpleasantness ratings during pain. PMDD women also reported greater pain unpleasantness and intensity and had lower beta-endorphin levels in their luteal phase and tended to display higher blood pressure levels at rest and during pain testing."
Nociceptive Processing in Women With Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): The Role of Menstrual Phase and Sex Hormones - Clinical Journal of Pain, April 2015
"Results: Women with PMDD had higher sensory pain ratings of electrocutaneous stimuli and trends for lower ischemic thresholds and higher affective pain ratings of electrocutaneous stimuli. However, there were no group differences observed in NFR threshold. Testosterone levels were also lower during the mid-follicular and ovulatory phases in PMDD. Correlations between pain outcomes and estradiol and testosterone indicated that these hormones are hypoalgesic, with estradiol having a greater hypoalgesic effect within the PMDD group.
Discussion: Overall, women with PMDD may have a phase-independent hyperalgesia, with pain amplification likely occurring at the supraspinal level rather than the spinal level, given the lack of group differences in NFR threshold. Because testosterone was hypoalgesic and lower in women with PMDD, and there were strong associations between pain and estradiol in PMDD, sex hormones may play a role in PMDD-related hyperalgesia."
Update on Research and Treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder - Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 2009
"A study comparing women with PMDD (n = 27) and healthy controls (n = 27) during both the follicular and luteal phases found that during both cycle phases, women with PMDD had lower levels of cortisol and beta-endorphins, shorter pain thresholds and tolerance times, and higher blood pressure levels at rest and during pain testing.156 These findings implicate the hypothalamicpituary-gonadal axis in PMDD pain sensitivity,156 which is consistent with findings of potential HPG-axis dysregulation in depressive and mood disorders."
"In both cycle phases, PMDD women (a) displayed lower resting cortisol and beta-endorphin levels and (b) exhibited shorter pain threshold and tolerance times and greater pain unpleasantness ratings during pain. PMDD women also reported greater pain unpleasantness and intensity and had lower beta-endorphin levels in their luteal phase and tended to display higher blood pressure levels at rest and during pain testing."
Nociceptive Processing in Women With Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): The Role of Menstrual Phase and Sex Hormones - Clinical Journal of Pain, April 2015
"Results: Women with PMDD had higher sensory pain ratings of electrocutaneous stimuli and trends for lower ischemic thresholds and higher affective pain ratings of electrocutaneous stimuli. However, there were no group differences observed in NFR threshold. Testosterone levels were also lower during the mid-follicular and ovulatory phases in PMDD. Correlations between pain outcomes and estradiol and testosterone indicated that these hormones are hypoalgesic, with estradiol having a greater hypoalgesic effect within the PMDD group.
Discussion: Overall, women with PMDD may have a phase-independent hyperalgesia, with pain amplification likely occurring at the supraspinal level rather than the spinal level, given the lack of group differences in NFR threshold. Because testosterone was hypoalgesic and lower in women with PMDD, and there were strong associations between pain and estradiol in PMDD, sex hormones may play a role in PMDD-related hyperalgesia."
Update on Research and Treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder - Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 2009
"A study comparing women with PMDD (n = 27) and healthy controls (n = 27) during both the follicular and luteal phases found that during both cycle phases, women with PMDD had lower levels of cortisol and beta-endorphins, shorter pain thresholds and tolerance times, and higher blood pressure levels at rest and during pain testing.156 These findings implicate the hypothalamicpituary-gonadal axis in PMDD pain sensitivity,156 which is consistent with findings of potential HPG-axis dysregulation in depressive and mood disorders."
